2014年春季渤海浮游植物群落结构   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

张雪  王俊  高燕  王宏  马武  刘克奉  陈卫 《海洋科学》2020,44(6):45-55

基于2014年春季在渤海进行的水文、化学和生物方面的综合大面调查，研究了渤海浮游植物群落的结构特征，并结合文献资料，分析影响浮游植物群落结构形成的原因。结果显示：2014年渤海春季共鉴定浮游植物3门29属50种，以硅藻为主，还有少数甲藻和金藻。其中，硅藻门中圆筛藻属的种类最多，共12种，其次为角毛藻属，共5种。浮游植物总细胞丰度介于1.08×10⁴~181.09×10⁴个/m³，平均为25.47×10⁴个/m³。硅藻与甲藻细胞丰度比值为12：1，硅藻在物种数量和细胞丰度上均占有绝对优势，为渤海浮游植物的主要类群。浮游植物优势种主要为密联角毛藻（Chaetoceros densus）、斯氏几内亚藻（Guinardia striata）、具槽帕拉藻（Paralia sulcata）和夜光藻（Noctiluca scintillans）。渤海春季浮游植物群落多样性水平较低，且分布不均。渤海中部和渤海海峡海域由于单一优势种过量繁殖导致群落稳定性较差。与历史同期资料对比，渤海海域浮游植物群落出现明显的物种演替现象，角毛藻的优势地位显著性下降，斯氏几内亚藻首次在渤海大面调查中被记录为优势种。本研究为今后渤海环境生态系统和渔业资源变动的研究提供重要基础资料和参考依据。  相似文献   

一种盾构施工引起的地面沉降预测方法   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

周爱红  倪莹莹  尹超  孙武 《测绘科学》2018,(3):167-172

针对盾构施工引起的地面沉降的影响因素众多、关系错综复杂,常规数学模型难以准确预测沉降量的问题,该文提出了采用主成分分析法和粒子群优化的支持向量机方法来建立预测模型。并结合工程实例将预测结果与常用的多元线性回归模型和基于Levenberg-Marquardt算法改进的BP神经网络模型(LM-BP)的预测结果做了比较。结果表明:PCA-PSO-SVM的预测结果精度较多元线性回归模型和LM-BP神经网络有很大的提高,证明了该研究方法具有一定的理论意义和参考价值。  相似文献   

Beidou satellite maneuver thrust force estimation for precise orbit determination     

Jing Qiao  Wu Chen 《GPS Solutions》2018,22(2):42

Beidou satellites, especially geostationary earth orbit (GEO) and inclined geosynchronous orbit (IGSO) satellites, need to be frequently maneuvered to keep them in position due to various perturbations. The satellite ephemerides are not available during such maneuver periods. Precise estimation of thrust forces acting on satellites would provide continuous ephemerides during maneuver periods and could significantly improve orbit accuracy immediately after the maneuver. This would increase satellite usability for both real-time and post-processing applications. Using 1 year of observations from the Multi-GNSS Experiment network (MGEX), we estimate the precise maneuver periods for all Beidou satellites and the thrust forces. On average, GEO and IGSO satellites in the Beidou constellation are maneuvered 12 and 2 times, respectively, each year. For GEO satellites, the maneuvers are mainly in-plane, while out-of-plane maneuvers are observed for IGSO satellites and a small number of GEO satellites. In most cases, the Beidou satellite maneuver periods last 15–25 min, but can be as much as 2 h for the few out-of-plane maneuvers of GEO satellites. The thrust forces acting on Beidou satellites are normally in the order of 0.1–0.7 mm/s². This can cause changes in velocity of GEO/IGSO satellites in the order of several decimeters per second. In the extreme cases of GEO out-of-plane maneuvers, very large cross-track velocity changes are observed, namely 28 m/s, induced by 5.4 mm/s² thrust forces. Also, we demonstrate that by applying the estimated thrust forces in orbit integration, the orbit errors can be estimated at decimeter level in along- and cross-track directions during normal maneuver periods, and 1–2 m in all the orbital directions for the enormous GEO out-of-plane maneuver.  相似文献   

A new multipath mitigation method based on adaptive thresholding wavelet denoising and double reference shift strategy   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Mingkun Su  Jiansheng Zheng  Yanxi Yang  Qiang Wu 《GPS Solutions》2018,22(2):40

Multipath disturbance is one of the major error sources in high-accuracy positioning for global navigation satellite system (GNSS). Although various methods based on software and hardware strategies have been developed to mitigate this error, they are still limited by different kinds of factors and the effect is not ideal. After analyzing the existing methods, a new single-difference sidereal filtering method, based on adaptive thresholding wavelet denoising and double reference shift strategy (ATDR), is proposed to mitigate multipath effects for static short-baseline GNSS applications. The key idea of the proposed method is the use of both the adaptive thresholding wavelet denoising to extract an accurate multipath correction model from the reference Day and the double reference shift strategy to mitigate multipath for subsequent Day 2 more accurately and efficiently. By applying the introduced adaptive thresholding method, the average improvement rate of the RMS values of the single-difference residuals can reach about 15.82% compared with the constant thresholding method. Moreover, after applying the proposed ATDR method, the 3D positioning precision is improved by about 37.73% for the single epoch mode with 30 s data sampling rate and about 31.22% for the continuous mode with 1 s high sampling rate compared with the original results. Even compared with the constant thresholding single orbital reference (CTSR) method, the improvement percentage is about 33.94% in single epoch mode and about 25.40% in continuous mode for 3D positioning precision, respectively. In conclusion, the results of the two experiments indicate that the proposed ATDR method performs much better than the CTSR method in mitigating multipath for different sampling rates and different processing modes in the measurement domain for GNSS static short-baseline postprocessing applications.  相似文献   

Revisit the calibration errors on experimental slant total electron content (TEC) determined with GPS     

Wenfeng Nie  Tianhe Xu  Adria Rovira-Garcia  José Miguel Juan Zornoza  Jaume Sanz Subirana  Guillermo González-Casado  Wu Chen  Guochang Xu 《GPS Solutions》2018,22(3):85

The calibration errors on experimental slant total electron content (TEC) determined with global positioning system (GPS) observations is revisited. Instead of the analysis of the calibration errors on the carrier phase leveled to code ionospheric observable, we focus on the accuracy analysis of the undifferenced ambiguity-fixed carrier phase ionospheric observable determined from a global distribution of permanent receivers. The results achieved are: (1) using data from an entire month within the last solar cycle maximum, the undifferenced ambiguity-fixed carrier phase ionospheric observable is found to be over one order of magnitude more accurate than the carrier phase leveled to code ionospheric observable and the raw code ionospheric observable. The observation error of the undifferenced ambiguity-fixed carrier phase ionospheric observable ranges from 0.05 to 0.11 total electron content unit (TECU) while that of the carrier phase leveled to code and the raw code ionospheric observable is from 0.65 to 1.65 and 3.14 to 7.48 TECU, respectively. (2) The time-varying receiver differential code bias (DCB), which presents clear day boundary discontinuity and intra-day variability pattern, contributes the most part of the observation error. This contribution is assessed by the short-term stability of the between-receiver DCB, which ranges from 0.06 to 0.17 TECU in a single day. (3) The remaining part of the observation errors presents a sidereal time cycle pattern, indicating the effects of the multipath. Further, the magnitude of the remaining part implies that the code multipath effects are much reduced. (4) The intra-day variation of the between-receiver DCB of the collocated stations suggests that estimating DCBs as a daily constant can have a mis-modeling error of at least several tenths of 1 TECU.  相似文献   

An enhanced approach for surface flow routing over drainage‐constrained triangulated irregular networks          下载免费PDF全文

Fangli Zhang  Qiming Zhou  Qingquan Li  Guofeng Wu  Jun Liu 《Transactions in GIS》2018,22(1):43-57

The accuracy and efficiency of the simulations in distributed hydrological models must depend on the proper estimation of flow directions and paths. Numerous studies have been carried out to delineate the drainage patterns based on gridded digital elevation models (DEMs). The triangulated irregular network (TIN) has been increasingly applied in hydrological applications due to the advantages of high storage efficiency and multi‐scale adaptive performance. Much of the previous literature focuses mainly on filling the depressions on gridded DEMs rather than treating the special cases in TIN structures, which has hampered its applications to hydrological models. This study proposes a triangulation‐based solution for the removal of flat areas and pits to enhance the simulation of flow routing on triangulated facet networks. Based on the drainage‐constrained TIN generated from only a gridded DEM by the compound point extraction (CPE) method, the inconsistent situations including flat triangles, V‐shape flat edges and sink nodes are respectively identified and rectified. The optimization algorithm is an iterative process of TIN reconstruction, in which the flat areas are generalized into their center points and the pits are rectified by embedding break lines. To verify the proposed algorithm and investigate the potential for flow routing, flow paths of steepest descent are derived by the vector‐based tracking algorithm based on the optimized TIN. A case study of TIN optimization and flow path tracking was performed on a real‐world DEM. The outcomes indicate that the proposed approach can effectively solve the problem of inconsistencies without a significant loss in accuracy of the terrain model.  相似文献   

Impacts of Boundary-Layer Structure and Turbulence on the Variations of PM2.5 During Fog–Haze Episodes     

Ju  Tingting  Wu  Bingui  Zhang  Hongsheng  Wang  Zhaoyu  Liu  Jingle 《Boundary-Layer Meteorology》2022,183(3):469-493

Boundary-Layer Meteorology - The precise cause of PM2.5 (fine particular matter with a diameter smaller than 2.5 μm) explosive growth and the contribution of intermittent turbulence...  相似文献   

Evaluating the different responses to climatic factors between snow water equivalent and snow cover area in the Central Tianshan Mountains     

Wu  Senyao  Zhang  Xueliang  Du  Jinkang  Wang  Huadong 《Theoretical and Applied Climatology》2022,148(3-4):1563-1576

Theoretical and Applied Climatology - Alpine snow is an important part of the water cycle in arid/semiarid regions and has a great influence on runoff and ecosystems. In this study, both optical...  相似文献   

WRF模式模拟飑线的低层温度偏差分析          下载免费PDF全文

李斌  吴立广 《大气科学学报》2021,44(5):746-753

为了研究WRF （Weather Research and Forecasting）模式模拟飑线的低层温度偏差问题,选取2009年6月14日发生在江苏省北部的一次飑线个例进行分析。通过WRF模式对此次飑线过程的模拟发现,WRF模式模拟的低层日最高气温滞后实际观测2～3 h,且模拟的傍晚低层气温的降温幅度低于实际观测2～3℃。对比试验证实,通过改变边界层参数化方案可以减弱边界层与自由大气的温度交换,进而在一定程度上改善模拟结果,即模拟的飑线强度和低层温度均与实际观测更加相近;在不改变边界层方案的情况下,将地面自动加密观测站数据加入模拟中也可起到相同的作用。  相似文献   

机器学习在广西台风极大风速预报中的应用     

吴玉霜  黄小燕  陈家正  赵华生 《气象研究与应用》2021,42(4):26-31

以1980-2020年广西台风期间桂林、梧州、龙州、南宁、玉林等5个气象观测站的地面日极大风速为研究对象,采用多元线性回归(MR)、支持向量机(SVM)、模糊神经网络(FNN)等三种较为常用的线性和非线性方法分别进行预报建模,对2011-2020年共10a独立样本的检验.结果 表明,在全样本风速预报的平均绝对误差上,FNN模型对桂林站、梧州站、龙州站、玉林站共4个站点预报的平均绝对误差最小,总体预报精度最好,MR预报模型则对南宁站有较好的预报能力,SVM模型预报效果总体偏差.对于6级以上大风的TS评分、命中率、空报率和预报偏差等4个评估指标的统计,FNN模型的预测精度最高且相对稳定,MR方案次之,SVM在三种方案中预报效果最差.FNN方法对广西台风期间地面日极大风速的预报有较好的参考作用.  相似文献